in the Roman army

pĭlus, i, m., a hair (syn.: villus, seta).

Lit.:

capra pilos ministrat ad usum nauticum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11:

munitae sunt palpebrae vallo pilorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

caudae pilos equinae vellere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 45:

duris aspera crura pilis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 194:

contra pilum equum fricare, Pelag. Vet. 26: in capite homini plurimus pilus,

Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130.—Prov.:

non minus molestum est calvis quam comatis pilos velli,

Sen. Tranq. An. 8, 2, 3:

propius quidem est a sole mons quam campus aut valles, sed sic, quomodo est pilus pilo crassior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 11, 4.—

Transf.

Collect., hair, the hair:

fruticante pilo neglecta et squalida crura,

Juv. 9, 15.—

As a designation of insignificance, a hair, a trifle; usually joined with a negative, not a hair, not a bit, not a whit (class.):

ego ne pilo quidem minus me amabo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 5:

interea e Cappadociā ne pilum quidem,

id. Att. 5, 20, 6:

ne ullum pilum viri boni habere dicatur,

has not a hair of a good man about him, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

non facit pili cohortem,

does not value it a straw, Cat. 10, 13; cf.:

nec pili facit uni,

cares not a pin about it, id. 17, 16.—In plur., a garment or fabric made of hair:

vestitus pilis cameli,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 6.

pīlus, i, m. [pilum], regularly joined with primus: primus pilus (in the gen. written also as one word, primipili), the division of the triarii in the Roman army:

P. Sextius Baculus, primi pili centurio,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5; id. B. C. 1, 13: T. Balventius, qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat, had been leader, captain of the triarii, id. B. G. 5, 35; Liv. 42, 34, 11: aliquem ad primum pilum transducere, to transfer, advance to the triarii, Caes. B. C. 3, 53, 5: primos pilos ademit, took the command of the triarii, of the primipili, Suet. Calig. 44:

vetus consuetudo tenuit, ut ex primo principe legionis promeretur centurio primi pili, qui non solum aquilae praeerat, verum etiam quatuor centurias in primā acie gubernabat,

Veg. Mil. 2, 8.—Without primus:

referes pili praemia,

Mart. 6, 58, 10; 1, 32, 3.—

Transf.: primipilus (in inscrr. also written PRIMOPIL, and abbrev. P. P.), the chief centurion of the triarii (the transf. arose from the circumstance that the chief centurion of this division was originally designated by the term primi pili, with the omission of the easily supplied centurio, as is shown by the following citation from Liv. 7, 41, 5;

soon, however, from primi pili, a new word, primipilus or primopilus, was formed): primus centurio erat, quem nunc primi pili appellant,

Liv. 7, 41, 5; 8, 8, 16:

primipilo P. Sext. Baculo vulneribus confecto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

aquilarum altera vix convelli a primipilo potuit,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; Inscr. (of the time of Trajan) Orell. 799: SEX. AVLIENO SEX. F. PRIMOPIL. II., Inscr. (of the time of Tiberius or Caligula) Orell. 3426 M. P.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 3, p. 264.

Caudium, ii, n., a small but ancient city of Samnium, near Benevento, celebrated for the narrow mountain pass (the Furculae Caudinae) where the Roman army was shut in by the Samnites, Liv. 9, 2, 1 sq.; Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Hence,

Caudīnus, a, um, adj., of Caudium, Caudine: Furculae Caudinae, the Caudine Forks, now Casale di Forchia (al. Forchia d ' Arpaia), Liv. 9, 2, 6; 9, 11, 3; Flor. 1, 16, 9.—The same called Furcae Caudinae, Luc. 2, 137;

and Caudinae Fauces,

Sil. 8, 566; Col. 10, 132:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 7, 5:

proelium,

Cic. Sen. 12, 41:

clades,

Liv. 9, 16, 2:

legiones,

id. 25, 6, 12:

jugum,

Quint. 3, 8, 3:

pax,

Liv. 9, 7, 4:

foedus,

Flor. 2, 18, 7:

Samnites,

Liv. 23, 41, 13.— Subst.: Caudīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Caudium, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

Caudium, ii, n., a small but ancient city of Samnium, near Benevento, celebrated for the narrow mountain pass (the Furculae Caudinae) where the Roman army was shut in by the Samnites, Liv. 9, 2, 1 sq.; Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Hence,

Caudīnus, a, um, adj., of Caudium, Caudine: Furculae Caudinae, the Caudine Forks, now Casale di Forchia (al. Forchia d ' Arpaia), Liv. 9, 2, 6; 9, 11, 3; Flor. 1, 16, 9.—The same called Furcae Caudinae, Luc. 2, 137;

and Caudinae Fauces,

Sil. 8, 566; Col. 10, 132:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 7, 5:

proelium,

Cic. Sen. 12, 41:

clades,

Liv. 9, 16, 2:

legiones,

id. 25, 6, 12:

jugum,

Quint. 3, 8, 3:

pax,

Liv. 9, 7, 4:

foedus,

Flor. 2, 18, 7:

Samnites,

Liv. 23, 41, 13.— Subst.: Caudīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Caudium, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

Caudium, ii, n., a small but ancient city of Samnium, near Benevento, celebrated for the narrow mountain pass (the Furculae Caudinae) where the Roman army was shut in by the Samnites, Liv. 9, 2, 1 sq.; Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Hence,

Caudīnus, a, um, adj., of Caudium, Caudine: Furculae Caudinae, the Caudine Forks, now Casale di Forchia (al. Forchia d ' Arpaia), Liv. 9, 2, 6; 9, 11, 3; Flor. 1, 16, 9.—The same called Furcae Caudinae, Luc. 2, 137;

and Caudinae Fauces,

Sil. 8, 566; Col. 10, 132:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 7, 5:

proelium,

Cic. Sen. 12, 41:

clades,

Liv. 9, 16, 2:

legiones,

id. 25, 6, 12:

jugum,

Quint. 3, 8, 3:

pax,

Liv. 9, 7, 4:

foedus,

Flor. 2, 18, 7:

Samnites,

Liv. 23, 41, 13.— Subst.: Caudīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Caudium, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105.

furcŭla, ae, f. dim. [furca, II.].

A forked prop to support a wall when undermined:

suspenso furculis ab hostibus muro,

Liv. 38, 7, 9.—

Furculae Caudinae, two lofty (fork-shaped) defiles near Caudium, where the Roman army, in the year A.U.C. 434, was hemmed in by the Samnites, now Casale di Forchia, Liv. 9, 2; 11; Flor. 1, 16; v. Caudium.

furcŭla, ae, f. dim. [furca, II.].

A forked prop to support a wall when undermined:

suspenso furculis ab hostibus muro,

Liv. 38, 7, 9.—

Furculae Caudinae, two lofty (fork-shaped) defiles near Caudium, where the Roman army, in the year A.U.C. 434, was hemmed in by the Samnites, now Casale di Forchia, Liv. 9, 2; 11; Flor. 1, 16; v. Caudium.

* * *

nōmen, ĭnis (archaic form of gen. sing. NOMINVS, S. C. de Bacch. Corp. Inscr. Lat. 196, 8), n. [for gnōmen, from root gno, whence gnosco, nosco, co-gnosco], a name, appellation (syn. vocabulum).

Lit.:

nomen est, quod unicuique personae datur, quo suo quaeque proprio et certo vocabulo appellatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 134:

imponere nova rebus nomina,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

qui haec rebus nomina posuerunt,

id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

appellare aliquem nomine,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

huic urbi nomen Epidamno inditum est,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 37; cf. Liv. 7, 2, 6:

Theophrastus divinitate loquendi nomen invenit,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

lituus ab ejus litui, quo canitur, similitudine nomen invenit,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13 et saep.:

ludi, Pythia de domitae serpentis nomine dicti,

Ov. M. 1, 447:

clari nominis vir,

Vell. 2, 34, 4:

nominis minoris vir,

id. 2, 100, 5; cf. id. 2, 112, 2; 2, 103, 1: est mihi nomen, inditur mihi nomen, with nom.:

cui saltationi Titius nomen est,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

eique morbo nomen est avaritia,

id. Tusc. 4, 11, 24:

canibus pigris... Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo,

Juv. 8, 36.—With dat.:

haec sunt aedes, hic habet: Lesbonico'st nomen,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 110:

juventus nomen fecit Peniculo mihi,

id. Men. 1, 1, 1:

nam mihi est Auxilio nomen,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 6:

huic ego die nomen Trinummo facio,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 1:

nomen Arcturo est mihi,

id. Rud. prol. 5:

cantus cui nomen neniae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62:

puero ab inopiā nomen Egerio est inditum,

Liv. 1, 34:

est illis strigibus nomen,

Ov. F. 6, 139.—With gen.:

cujus nomen est Viventis,

Vulg. Gen. 25, 11.—Rarely with ad:

ut det nomen ad molas coloniam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Nomen dare, edere, profiteri, ad nomina respondere, to give in one's name, be enrolled, enlist; to answer to one's name when summoned to military duty:

ne nomina darent,

Liv. 2, 24:

nomina profiteri,

id. 2, 24:

nominis edendi apud consules potestas,

id. 2, 24:

virgis caesi, qui ad nomina non respondissent,

id. 7, 4; also,

dare nomen in conjurationem,

to join the conspiracy, Tac. A. 15, 48:

ab re nomen habet (terra),

is named for, Liv. 38, 18, 4:

quae (sapientia) divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitione hoc nomen apud antiquos adsequebatur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

dea (Viriplaca) nomen hoc a placandis viris fertur adsecuta,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 6.—Esp.:

nomen accipere = nominari: turris quae nomen ab insulā accepit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 1; Quint. 3, 3, 13; Just. 1, 5, 1; Tac. A. 6, 37; 15, 74; Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 8.—

In partic., the middle name of the three which every freeborn Roman had, as distinguished from the praenomen and cognomen. The nomen distinguished one gens from another, the cognomen one familia from another, and the praenomen one member of the familia from another, Quint. 7, 3, 27.—But sometimes nomen is used in the signif. of praenomen:

id nomen (sc. Gaja),

Cic. Mur. 12, 27.—So, too, in the signif. of cognomen:

Sex. Clodius, cui nomen est Phormio,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:

tamquam habeas tria nomina,

i. e. as if you were a Roman, Juv. 5, 127.—

Esp. in phrase: sub nomine, under the assumed name:

qui litteras exitiales Demetrio sub nomine Flaminini adtulerant,

Liv. 40, 54, 9:

sub nomine meo,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

carmina sub alieno nomine edere,

Suet. Aug. 55:

multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 6, 12; 13, 25; id. H. 1, 5; cf.:

rogatio repente sub unius tribuni nomine promulgatur,

Liv. 43, 16, 6; Suet. Aug. 29; Plin. Pan. 50, 5; cf. also II. B. infra.—

A title of power or honor:

imperatoris,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 14.—

In gram., a noun, Quint. 1, 4, 18; 1, 5, 42 et saep.—

Transf.

Nomen alicu jus deferre, to bring an accusation against, to accuse a person:

nomen alicujus de parricidio deferre,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28: nomen recipere, to receive the accusation:

palam de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat: si quis absentem Sthenium rei capitalis reum facere vellet, sese ejus nomen recepturum: et simul, ut nomen deferret, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf. context.—

A bond, note, a demand, claim, a debt: tituli debitorum nomina dicuntur praesertim in iis debitis, in quibus hominum nomina scripta sunt, quibus pecuniae commodatae sunt, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

repromittam istoc nomine solutam rem futuram,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 48:

si neque in tuas tabulas ullum nomen referres, cum tot tibi nominibus acceptum Curtii referrent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 102:

qui tibi, ut ais, certis nominibus grandem pecuniam debuit,

on good bonds, good security, id. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

egone hos digitos meos impellere potui, ut falsum perscriberent nomen?

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 1:

volo persolvere, ut expungatur nomen, ne quid debeam,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40; so,

solvere,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7:

expedire, exsolvere,

id. ib. 16, 6, 3:

nomina sua exigere,

to collect one's debts, id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

hoc nomen, quod urget, nunc, cum petitur, dissolvere,

id. Planc. 28, 68:

transcribere in alium,

Liv. 35, 7:

qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen,

comes with a huge ledger to sue for a doubtful debt, Juv. 7, 110.—

Nomina facere, in the case of written obligations, to set down or book the items of debt in the account-book:

nomina se facturum, qua ego vellem die,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

emit homo cupidus (Canius) tanti, quanti Pythius voluit et emit instructos: nomina facit (Pythius), negotium conficit,

id. Off. 3, 14, 59:

nomina facturi diligenter in patrimonium et vasa debitoris inquirimus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 2.—

Nomen locare, to offer as surety, Phaedr. 1, 16, 1 (dub.).—

Transf., an item of debt; and hence, a debtor:

hoc sum assecutus, ut bonum nomen existimer,

i. e. a good payer, Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

lenta nomina non mala,

Sen. Ben. 5, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 7, 29, 2; Col. 1, 7, 2.—

A family, race, stock, people, nation:

C. Octavium in familiam nomenque adoptavit,

Suet. Caes. 83:

Crispum C. Sallustius in nomen ascivit,

Tac. A. 3, 30; Luc. 7, 584.—

With national names: nomen Romanum, whatever is called Roman, i. e. the Roman dominion, nation, power; esp. of the army:

gens infestissuma nomini Romano,

Sall. C. 52, 24: CEIVIS ROMANVS NEVE NOMINVS LATINI NEVE SOCIVM QVISQVAM, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; so,

concitatis sociis et nomine Latino,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41:

ubi deletum omnibus videretur nomen Romanum,

Liv. 23, 6, 3:

relicum Romani nominis,

id. 22, 55, 5; 27, 33, 11; 1, 10, 3; cf. id. 9, 7, 1:

Aeolio regnatas nomine terras,

Sil. 14, 70:

Volscūm nomen prope deletum est,

Liv. 3, 8, 10:

nomen Atheniensium tueri,

Just. 5, 6, 9.—

Poet.

A thing:

infaustum interluit Allia nomen,

Verg. A. 7, 717.—

A person:

popularia nomina Drusos,

Luc. 6, 759; 1, 311:

nec fidum femina nomen,

Tib. 3, 4, 61:

in diversa trahunt unum duo nomina pectus,

i. e. the love of a mother and sister, Ov. M. 8, 464; id. H. 8, 30.—

Trop.

Name, fame, repute, reputation, renown (syn.:

existimatio, fama): hujus magnum nomen fuit,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

nomen habere,

id. ib. 69, 244:

magnum in oratoribus nomen habere,

id. Or. 6, 22:

officere nomini alicujus, Liv. praef. § 3: et nos aliquod nomenque decusque Gessimus,

Verg. A. 2, 89:

nomen gerere,

Lact. 1, 20, 3; 4, 29, 15 al.:

multi Lydia nominis Romanā vigui clarior Iliā,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 7:

nomen alicujus stringere,

Ov. Tr. 2, 350:

homines nonnullius in litteris nominis, Plin Ep. 7, 20, 3: parentes, quorum maximum nomen in civitatibus est suis,

Liv. 22, 22, 13.—Of ill repute, bad reputation: malum nomen (only rare and late Lat.): magis eligendum in paupertate nomen bonum quam in divitiis nomen pessimum, Hier. Com. Ep. Tit., Paris, 1546, p. 104 H.—

Of inanimate things:

ne vinum nomen perdat,

Cato, R. R. 25:

nec Baccho genus aut pomis sua nomina servat,

Verg. G. 2, 240.—

A title, pretext, pretence, color, excuse, account, sake, reason, authority, behalf, etc.: alio nomine et aliā de causā abstulisse. Cic. Rosc. Com. [p. 1214] 14, 40:

legis agrariae simulatione atque nomine,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 15:

classis nomine pecuniam imperatam queruntur,

id. Fl. 12, 27:

haec a te peto amicitiae nostrae nomine,

id. Fam. 12, 12, 3; 2, 1, 1:

nomine sceleris conjurationisque damnati,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

nomine neglegentiae suspectum esse,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

quid exornamus philosophiam, aut quid ejus nomine gloriosi sumus?

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

qui cum luxuriose viverent, non reprehenderentur eo nomine,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21:

gratias boni viri agebant et tuo nomine gratulabantur,

on your account, id. Phil. 1, 12, 30:

Antonio tuo nomine gratias egi,

on your behalf, id. Att. 1, 16, 16:

legationes tuo nomine proficiscentes,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

quem quidem tibi etiam suo nomine commendo,

for his own sake, id. ib. 13, 21, 2:

meo nomine,

Tac. H. 1, 29:

feminarum suarum nomine,

id. G. 8:

bellum populo Romano suo nomine indixit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 14:

decretae eo nomine supplicationes,

Tac. A. 14, 59;

but: acceptā ex aerario pecuniā tuo nomine,

on your responsibility, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7.—

A name, as opposed to the reality:

me nomen habere duarum legionum exilium (opp. exercitum habere tantum),

Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

Campani magis nomen ad praesidium sociorum, quam vires cum attulissent,

Liv. 7, 29:

nomen amicitia est, nomen inane fides,

Ov. A. A. 1, 740.—

In eccl. Lat.,

Periphrastically:

invocavit nomen Domini,

Vulg. Gen. 13, 4:

omnipotens nomen ejus,

ib. Exod. 15, 3:

psallam nomini Domini,

ib. Psa. 7, 18:

blasphemare nomen ejus,

ib. Apoc. 13, 6.—

Delegated power:

in nomine tuo daemones eicimus,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 22:

in quo nomine fecistis,

ib. Act. 4, 7:

locuti sunt in nomine Domini,

ib. Jacob. 5, 10.

* * *

classis (old orthog. CLASIS, Column. Rostr.; v. under I. B. 2.), is ( acc. sing. usu. classem; classim, Auct. B. Afr. 9, 2; abl. usu. classe;

classi,

Verg. A. 8, 11; Liv. 23, 41, 8; Vell. 2, 79), f. [root cal-, cla-, of clamo, kaleô; prop. the people as assembled or called together], hence,

After the division of the Roman people by Servius Tullius into six (or, the citizens who paid tribute alone being reckoned, into five) classes,

A class, Liv. 1, 42, 5; 1, 43, 2 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39 sq.; Gell. 6 (7), 13, 1 sq.; Cic. Fl. 7, 15; Liv. 1, 42, 5; 1, 43, 1 sqq.; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; cf. Dion. Halic. 4, 16 sq.; 7, 59:

prima classis vocatur... tum secunda classis, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 82: infra classem; v. classicus, I.—

Trop.:

qui (philosophi) mihi cum illo collati, quintae classis videntur,

i.e. of the lowest rank, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; cf. classicus, I. B.—Hence,

In milit. lang., the whole body of the citizens called to arms, an army.

Of the land army (mostly very ancient): procincta, Lex Numae in Fest. s. v. opima, p. 189, 13 Müll.: classis procincta [id est exercitus armatus, Gloss.], Fab. Pictor. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 4; cf. Gell. 1, 11, 3; Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 3:

classi quoque ad Fidenas pugnatum cum Vejentibus quidam in annales rettulere,

Liv. 4, 34, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Hortinae classes populique Latini,

Verg. A. 7, 716 Serv.—

Of men at sea, the fleet, including the troops in it (the usu. signif. in prose and poetry):

CLASESQVE. NAVALES. PRIMOS. ORNAVET.... CLASEIS. POENICAS...., Column. Rostr., v. 7 sq.: nomina in classem dare,

Liv. 28, 45, 19:

cetera classis... fugerunt,

id. 35, 26, 9:

ut classem duceret in Ligurum oram,

id. 40, 26, 8; 41, 24, 13; cf. id. 42, 48, 10:

navium classis,

id. 22, 37, 13:

posteaquam maximas aedificasset ornassetque classes,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9:

classem instruere atque ornare,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 135:

classis ornandae reficiendaeque causā, Liv 9, 30, 4: comparare,

Cic. Fl. 14, 33:

facere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42 al.:

classe navigare,

by ship, Cic. Fl. 14, 32; cf. Verg. A. 1, 379; 8, 11;

Hor.C. 3, 11, 48: classes = naves,

Verg. A. 2, 30:

geminasque legit de classe biremis,

id. ib. 8, 79:

omittere,

id. ib. 5, 794:

armare,

id. ib. 4, 299:

deducere,

id. G. 1, 255:

efficere,

Nep. Them. 2, 3:

(Suiones) praeter viros armaque classibus valent,

Tac. G. 44. —

In the post-Aug. per., sometimes, a class, division, in gen.:

pueros in classes distribuerant,

Quint. 1, 2, 23; so id. 1, 2, 24; 10, 5, 21; Suet. Tib. 46:

operarum,

Col. 1, 9, 7:

servorum,

Petr. 74, 7.

* * *

* * *

āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. anchos = ômos (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].

Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.— Poet., of the gods:

Mors atris circumvolat alis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58:

volucris Fati Tardavit alas,

id. C. 2, 17, 25:

bibulae Cupidinis alae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 233:

furvis circumdatus alis Somnus,

Tib. 2, 1, 89:

me jocundis Sopor impulit alis,

Prop. 1, 3, 45:

Madidis Notus evolat alis,

Ov. M. 1, 264.—Of sails:

velorum pandimus alas,

Verg. A. 3, 520.—Of oars:

classis centenis remiget alis,

Prop. 4, 6, 47:

remigium alarum,

Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125);

so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis,

Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. pterois eressei, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743). —Of wind and lightning:

Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis,

Verg. A. 5, 319 al. —

Transf.

In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34:

aliquid sub alā portare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12:

hirquinae,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

hirsutae,

Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

halitus oris et alarum vitia,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

virus alarum et sudores,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 185:

sudor alarum,

Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).—

In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder - blade. —Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.—Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.—

In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.—

In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. ptera, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.—

In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1:

Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est,

Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.—An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.

—So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

trĭbūnus, i, m. [tribus, prop. the chief of a tribe; hence, in gen.], a chieftain, commander, tribune.

Tribuni aerarii, paymasters, who assisted the quaestors, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 10, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; Fest. p. 2 ib.;

called also tribuni aeris,

Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31. By the Lex Aurelia these tribuni aerarii were made judges on the part of the people:

(Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

a tribunis aerariis absolutus,

id. ib. 2, 16, 3; cf.

in a pun with aerati (rich),

id. Att. 1, 16, 8. This judicial office was taken from them by Julius Cæsar, Suet. Caes. 41.—

Tribuni Celerum, captains or commanders of the Celeres, Liv. 1, 59, 7; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 15; Weissenb. ad Liv. 1, 15, 8. —

Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, military tribunes; these were officers of the army, six to each legion, who commanded in turn, each two months at a time:

qui M. Aemilio legati et praefecti et tribuni militares fuerunt,

Cic. Clu. 36, 99; so,

militares,

Plin. 34, 3, 6, § 11; cf. in sing.:

cum tribunus militaris depugnavi apud Thermopylas,

Cic. Sen. 10, 32:

a tribunis militum, praefectis reliquisque, qui, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

militum,

id. ib. 3, 7; cf. in sing.:

tribunus militum,

id. ib. 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:

tribuni cohortium,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20.— Sing.:

Stilonius Priscus qui tribunus cohortis, sub Classico fuerat,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 18; cf.:

tribunus minor,

Veg. Mil. 2, 7;

and tribunus legionis,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 20.—

Tribuni militum consulari potestate, military tribunes with consular power; these were the highest officers of the State from A.U.C. 310 to A.U.C. 388. They were chosen from the patrician and plebeian orders, and were at first three, then six, and, after the year 352, eight in number, Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 5, 1, 2;

called tribuni consulares,

id. 8, 33; Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 136 sq.—

Tribuni plebis, and more freq. simply tribuni, tribunes of the people, whose office it was to defend the rights and interests of the Roman plebeians against the encroachments of the patricians, Liv. 2, 33, 2; 2, 56, 3 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58 sq.; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 247 sq.; Lange, Antiq. 1, 1, p. 592 sq., and the authorities cited by both.

centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).

Of land:

agrum,

Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—

Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:

cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,

Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;

dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,

id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

juventutem,

Liv. 25, 15, 9:

seniores quoque,

id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:

equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,

id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:

Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,

i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—

Facetiously:

eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—

Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:

quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:

Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.

centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq.

centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).

Of land:

agrum,

Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—

Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:

cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,

Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;

dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,

id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

juventutem,

Liv. 25, 15, 9:

seniores quoque,

id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:

equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,

id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:

Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,

i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—

Facetiously:

eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—

Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:

quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:

Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.

centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq.

dĕcŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decuria], to divide into decuriae.

Prop.:

equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,

Liv. 22, 38, v. preced. art.—Esp. to divide the people into companies or clubs for purposes of bribery and corruption:

servorum delectus habebatur... cum vicatim homines conscriberentur, decuriarentur,

Cic. Sest. 15:

decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse, etc.,

id. Planc. 18, 45; cf. ib. 19, 47; id. Phil. 7, 6, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5, and v. decuriatio.—

Trop.:

vertex incrementis lustralibus decuriatus,

i. e. of a man ten lustres old, Mart. Cap. 1, p. 1.

dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis (also DECURES decuriones, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 22, and 75, 9 Müll.;

and DECVRIONVS, the same,

ib. 49, 16), m. [id.], the head or chief of a decuria, a decurion. The name was first given by Romulus to the head of the tenth part of a curia (cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 354). In the army, the commander of a decuria of cavalry, Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll.; Veget. Mil. 2, 14; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 13; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 2, 29. After the extension of the Roman dominion, the members of the senate of the municipia and the colonies were called decuriones, Dig. 50, 16, 239; 50, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 31; Cic. Sest. 4, 10; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Clu. 14, 41; Vulg. Marc. 15, 43.—Sometimes i. q. praefectus, applied to the overseer of the persons employed in any duty about the court, e. g. a head-chamberlain:

cubiculariorum,

Suet. Dom. 17, PROCVLVS DECVRIO GERMANORVM (i. e. custodum corporis) TI. GERMANICI, Inscr. Orell. 2923.

cingo, xi, nctum, 3, v. a. [cf. Gr kullos, kurtos;

Lat. curvus, and clingo,

Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 545 sq. ], to go round in a circle, to surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).

Prop

In gen.:

quid autem interius mente? Cingatur igitur corpore externo,

i. e. it must be enclosed in a body, Cic. N. D 1, 11, 27:

non enim coronà consessus vester cinctus est, ut solebat,

id. Mil. 1, 1; cf.:

judicium insolitā trepidum cinxere coronă,

Luc. 1, 321;

tris (navīs) Eurus... Inhdit vadis atque aggere cingit harenae,

Verg. A 1, 112: cincta serpentibus Hydra, id. ib 7, 658: pennae ritu coepere volucrum Cingere utrumque latus, to cover, Ov M. 6, 718, apio fasces et secto cingere porro, Col. 10, 371.—

Esp.

To surround the body with a girdle, to gird on (the sword), to gird; esp. freq in pass. with abl., to be girded, encircled with something. iam quasi zonā, liene cinctus ambulo, Plaut Curc. 2, 1, 5; Curt. 3, 3, 19; cf.:

cui lati clavi jus erit, ita cingatur, ut, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 138:

ut cingeretur fluxiore cincturā,

Suet. Caes. 45:

Hispano cingitur gladio,

Liv. 7, 10, 5; 38, 21, 13; Suet. Calig 49:

ferro,

id. Aug. 35: ense, Ov F. 2, 13: cingor fulgentibus armis, Verg A. 2, 749; 11, 188, 11, 536; his cingi telis, id ib. 2, 520: ense latus cingit, Ov F. 2, 784; cf. Stat. Th. 4, 41:

cinctas resolvite vestes, Ov M. 1, 382. filios balteis,

Vulg. Lev 8, 13.— Poet., in pass with acc. (cf. accingor, II., and Zumpt, Gr §

458): inutile ferrum Cingitur,

Verg. A. 2, 511: cinctaeque ad pectora vestes Bracchia docta movent, Ov M. 6, 59.—Without case: Syrinx, Ov M. 1, 695;

puer alte cinctus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, in late Lat. cinctus = armis instructus, armatus, armed, equipped, enrolled:

cinctus in aliā militiā,

Dig. 39, 1, 38; cf. ib. 39, 1, 25.—As a girding up of the Roman dress was necessary in pursuits requiring physical action, hence, cingor (cf accingor), to make one ' s self ready for any thing, to prepare:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152;

cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus,

Verg. A. 11, 486; cf.

supra,

Quint. 11, 3, 138; Hor S. 2, 8, 10; Ov. M. 6, 59.—

To encircle with a garland or crown, to crown (freq., esp in the poets).

Of the head:

muralique caput summum cinxere coronā,

Lucr. 2, 607; cf.

Ov A. A. 3, 392 tempora floribus,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 20;

Verg A. 5, 71: spicis,

Tib. 2, 1, 4 et saep.:

comam lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 16; cf.:

Graias barbara vitta comas,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 78; Verg. A. 12, 163: de tenero cingite flore caput, Ov F 3, 254.— Poet.:

Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,

Verg. A. 4, 248; 7, 658; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—

To encircle other parts of the body:

cujus lacertos anuli mei cingant,

Mart. 11, 100, 2.—

Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose (the prevailing signif. in prose, esp. in the histt.; syn.: circumdo, claudo): (Tellus) oras maris undique cingens, Lucr. 6, 633; Cat. 64, 185; 64, 286:

flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38 provincia mari cincta, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

urbe portus ipse cingitur et continetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96 Zumpt:

quod moenibus cingebatur,

Tac. A. 13, 41:

quae (terra) magnā ex parte cingitur fluctibus, speciem insulae praebet, etc.,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 8, 10, 23; Ov A. A. 2, 469: cingitur insula tribus millibus passuum, i.e. has a circuit of, etc., Plin. 6, 12, 13, § 32.— Poet.:

cinxerunt aethera nimbi,

covered, Verg. A. 5, 13:

medium diem cinxere tenebrae,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 939.— Trop.;

diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis,

fortify, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94.—

In milit. lang., to surround a place or army for defence or in a hostile manner, to fortify, to invest, be set, besiege:

coronā militum cincta urbs,

Liv. 7, 27, 7: castra vallo, id 7, 39, 8 equites cornua cinxere. covered, id. 23, 29, 3:

ultimum agmen validā manu,

to cover, Curt. 4, 13, 30:

urbem obsidione,

to besieye, Verg. A. 3, 52;

dextera cingitur amni,

id. ib. 9, 469:

(hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii,

Tac. A. 6, 34:

cingi ab armis hostium,

Ov. P. 2, 8, 69; Tib. 2, 3, 37, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 42.—Trop Sicilia multis undique cincta persons. Cio. Imp. Pomp 11, 30.—

To escort, to accompany inermi item regi praetor Achaeorum et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, Liv 32, 39, 8:

dum latus sancti cingit tibi turba senatus, Ov P. 4, 9, 17: nec noscitur ulli, Agminibus comitum qui mode cinctus erat,

id. Tr. 1, 5, 30:

cincta virgo matrum catervā, id M. 12, 216, Vell 2, 14, 1,

Tac. A. 1, 77;

Sil 4, 448,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 322 —

To peel off the bark around:

cingere est deglabrare,

Dig. 47, 7, 6 Pr, cf. Plin 17, 24, 37, § 234 sqq.

hastātus, a, um, adj. [hasta, I. A.], armed with a spear.

In gen. (very rare):

Bellona,

Stat. Th. 2, 718:

prima utcumque acies hastata: ceteris praeusta aut brevia tela,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

currum decem milia hastatorum sequebantur,

Curt. 3, 3, 10; 4, 15, 7.—

In partic., milit. t. t.: hastāti, ōrum, m., the first line of a Roman army drawn up in order of battle (behind them were the Principes and Triarii):

hastati dicti qui primi hastis pugnabant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 89 Müll.: hastati spargunt hastas, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 287 Vahl.); so Liv. 8, 8, 6; 22, 5; Veg. Mil. 1, 20 al.; cf.

Dict. of Antiq.—The hastati were divided into ten ordines (companies),

Ov. F. 3, 128.—Hence,

Transf.: primus, secundus, etc., ordo hastatus, and more freq. absol.: primus, secundus, etc., hastatus, the first, second, etc., company of hastati: in eo exercitu miles gregarius fui: tertio anno virtutis causa, mihi T. Quintius decimum ordinem hastatum assignavit, i. e. made me captain of the tenth (last) company, Liv. 42, 34, 5:

cum signifer primi hastati signum non posset movere loco,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 67:

signifer secundi hastati,

Liv. 26, 5 fin. —Hence, transf.,

(Ellipt. for centurio ordinis hastati primus, secundus, etc., hastatus.) The captain of the first, second, etc., company, Veg. Mil. 2, 8: Q. Fulginius ex primo hastato, late first centurio (i. e. who had been discharged as first centurio, and then served as evocatus), Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4.—

Kat exochên, hastatus, i, m., the captain of the first company, Flor. 1, 18; Inscr. Orell. 3455.